Table of Contents

The steerable needle becomes appealing in the neurosurgery intervention procedure because of its flexibility to bypass critical regions inside the brain; with proper path planning, it can also minimize the potential damage by setting constraints and ...

Untethered microrobots can be used for cargo delivery (e.g., drug molecules, stem cells, and genes) targeting designated areas. However, it is not enough to just reach the lesion site, as some drugs can only play the best therapeutic effect within the ...

Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a typical direction of integration of human intelligence and robot intelligence. Shared control is an essential form of combining human and robot agents in a common task, but still faces a lack of freedom for the human ...

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been a popular model organism for several decades since its first discovery of the huge research potential for modeling human diseases and genetics. Sorting is an important means of providing stage- or age-...

Magnetic beads manipulation in microfluidic chips is a promising research field for biological application, especially in the detection of biological targets. In this review, we intend to present a thorough and in-depth overview of recent magnetic beads ...

The liver is the hub of human metabolism and involves many diseases. To better work on the mechanism and treatment of liver diseases, it is of particular interest to design 3-dimensional scaffolds suitable for culturing hepatocytes in vitro to simulate ...

Carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanospheres, and carbon nanofibers, are becoming a research hotspot due to their unique structure and good mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and chemical properties. With the ...

The cerebral cortex plays an important role in human and other animal adaptation to unpredictable terrain changes, but little was known about the functional network among the cortical areas during this process. To address the question, we trained 6 rats ...

In the last decade, organoids have gained popularity for developing mini-organs to support advancements in the study of organogenesis, disease modeling, and drug screening and, subsequently, in the development of new therapies. To date, such cultures have ...

Motion prediction based on kinematic information such as body segment displacement and joint angle has been widely studied. Because motions originate from forces, it is beneficial to estimate dynamic information, such as the ground reaction force (GRF), ...

This paper presents a remotely operated robotic system that includes two mobile manipulators to extend the functional capabilities of a human body. Compared with previous tele-operation or robotic body extension systems, using two mobile manipulators ...

Cockroaches can traverse unknown obstacle-terrain, self-right on the ground and climb above the obstacle. However, they have limited motion, such as less activity in light/bright areas and lower temperatures. Therefore, the movement of the cyborg ...

Transbronchial biopsy sampling, as a minimally invasive method with relatively low risk, has been proved to be a promising treatment in the field of respiratory surgery. Although several robotic bronchoscopes have been developed, it remains a great ...

With the development of materials science and micro–nano fabrication techniques, miniature soft robots at millimeter or submillimeter size can be manufactured and actuated remotely. The small-scaled robots have the unique capability to access hard-to-...

Soft robotics have advantages over the traditional rigid ones to achieve the bending motion but face with challenges to realize the rapid and long-distance linear motion due to the lack of a suitable actuation system. In this paper, a new explosion-based ...

Robot-assisted technologies are being investigated to overcome the limitations of the current solutions for transoral surgeries, which suffer from constrained insertion ports, lengthy and indirect passageways, and narrow anatomical structures. This paper ...

Continuum robots with their inherent compliance provide the potential for crossing narrow unstructured workspace and safely grasping various objects. However, the display gripper increases the size of the robots, and therefore, it tends to get stuck in ...

Climbing behavior is a superior motion skill that animals have evolved to obtain a more beneficial position in complex natural environments. Compared to animals, current bionic climbing robots are less agile, stable, and energy-efficient. Further, they ...

The sound generated by body carries important information about our health status physically and psychologically. In the past decades, we have witnessed a plethora of successes achieved in the field of body sound analysis. Nevertheless, the fundamentals ...

In vitro biological neural networks (BNNs) interconnected with robots, so-called BNN-based neurorobotic systems, can interact with the external world, so that they can present some preliminary intelligent behaviors, including learning, memory, robot ...

There are so many non-Newtonian fluids in our daily life, such as milk, blood, cytoplasm, and mucus, most of which are viscoelastic heterogeneous liquid containing cells, inorganic ion, metabolites, and hormones. In microfluidic microparticle-manipulating ...

Human action representation is derived from the description of human shape and motion. The traditional unsupervised 3-dimensional (3D) human action representation learning method uses a recurrent neural network (RNN)-based autoencoder to reconstruct the ...

Untethered microrobots have attracted extensive attention due to their potential for biomedical applications and micromanipulation at the small scale. Soft microrobots are of great research importance because of their highly deformable ability to achieve ...

The usability of a prosthetic hand differs significantly from that of a real hand. Moreover, the complexity of manipulation increases as the number of degrees of freedom to be controlled increases, making manipulation with biological signals extremely ...

With high throughput and high flexibility, optoelectronic tweezers (OETs) hold huge potential for massively parallel micromanipulation. However, the trajectory of the virtual electrode has been planned in advance in most synchronous manipulations for ...

The innovation of wearable devices is advancing rapidly. Activity monitors can be used to improve the total hip replacement (THR) patients’ recovery process and reduce costs. This systematic review assessed the body-worn accelerometers used in studies to ...

Microrobots have great application potential in the biomedical field, to realize the precision and efficiency of microrobots in vivo is research focus in this field. Microrobots are accompanied by various disturbances in complex environment. These ...

The rapid development of medical micromotors draws a beautiful blueprint for the noninvasive or minimally invasive diagnosis and therapy. By combining stimuli-sensitive hydrogel materials, micromotors are bestowed with new characteristics such as stimuli-...

Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a microsurgical repair technique to reconstruct the anatomical structure between the distal nerve and the muscle stump to provide more myoelectric information to the artificially intelligent prosthesis. Postoperative ...

Tendon disease is a significant and growing burden to healthcare systems. One strategy to address this challenge is tissue engineering. A widely held view in this field is that mechanical stimulation provided to constructs should replicate the mechanical ...

Platelet detection and counting play a greatly significant role in medical field, especially in routine blood tests which can be used to judge blood status and diagnose related diseases. Therefore, platelet detection is valuable for diagnosing related ...

Graphdiyne (GDY) is a new member of the family of carbon-based nanomaterials with hybridized carbon atoms of sp and sp², including α, β, γ, and (6,6,12)-GDY, which differ in their percentage of acetylene bonds. The unique structure of GDY provides many ...

Tactile sensing is an essential capability for robots performing manipulation tasks. In this paper, we introduce a framework to build a monocular visual-tactile sensor for robotic manipulation tasks. Such a sensor is easy to manufacture with affordable ...

Nanopipette-based observation of intracellular biochemical processes is an important approach to revealing the intrinsic characteristics and heterogeneity of cells for better investigation of disease progression or early disease diagnosis. However, the ...

Laser beam steering has been widely studied for the automation of surgery. Currently, flexible instruments for laser surgery are operated entirely by surgeons, which keeps the automation of endoluminal surgery at the initial level. This paper introduces ...

The capsule robot (CR) is a promising endoscopic method in gastrointestinal diagnosis because of its low discomfort to users. Most CRs are used to acquire image information only and lack the ability to collect samples. Although some biopsy capsule robots (...

In this paper, we describe the advances in the design, actuation, modeling, and control field of continuum robots. After decades of pioneering research, many innovative structural design and actuation methods have arisen. Untethered magnetic robots are a ...

The artificial locomotion control strategy is the fundamental technique to ensure the accomplishment of the preset assignments for cyborg insects. The existing research has recognized that the electrical stimulation applied to the optic lobes was an ...

In this paper, we propose simultaneous and sequential hybrid brain-computer interfaces (hBCIs) that incorporate electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) signals to classify drivers’ hard braking, soft braking, and normal driving intentions ...